快速入门
本章介绍的是使用minikube作为运行环境，使用默认推荐的组件，快速搭建一条链的操作方法。
关于更加深入的定制操作，请参阅定制章节。
环境准备
硬件配置建议
CPU：4核或以上
内存：8GB或以上
硬盘：30G或以上
软件依赖
操作系统
常见的Linux发行版本均可，例如：CentOS，Debian，Ubuntu等等。
docker
安装方法参见官方文档。
Helm
Helm是Kubernetes的包管理器，是寻找、共享和使用为Kubernetes构建的软件的最佳方式。
安装方法参见文档。
minikube
安装方法参见官方文档。
安装完成后用下面的命令启动minikube，国内需要在启动minikube时设置一些镜像参数。
注意不能使用root权限启动minikube。
minikube start --registry-mirror=https://hub-mirror.c.163.com --image-repository=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --vm-driver=docker --alsologtostderr -v=8 --base-image registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kicbase:v0.0.17
耐心等待，看到以下信息代表启动成功。
* Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default
kubectl
kubectl是Kubernetes集群的命令行工具，通过kubectl能够对集群本身进行管理，并能够在集群上进行容器化应用的安装部署。
安装方法参见官方文档。
cloud-cli
该工具为CITA-Cloud链的命令行客户端，可以方便的对链进行常用的操作。
使用方法参见文档。
$ wget https://github.com/cita-cloud/cloud-cli/releases/download/v0.4.3/cldi-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf cldi-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz
$ sudo mv ./cldi /usr/local/bin/
$ cldi -h
cldi 0.4.3
Rivtower Technologies <contact@rivtower.com>
The command line interface to interact with CITA-Cloud
USAGE:
cldi [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND]
OPTIONS:
-c, --context <context> context setting
-r <controller-addr> controller address
-e <executor-addr> executor address
-u <account-name> account name
--crypto <crypto-type> The crypto type of the target chain [possible values: SM, ETH]
-h, --help Print help information
-V, --version Print version information
SUBCOMMANDS:
get Get data from chain
send Send transaction
call Call executor
create create an EVM contract
context Context commands
account Account commands
admin The admin commands for managing chain
rpc Other RPC commands
ethabi Ethereum ABI coder.
bench Simple benchmarks
watch Watch blocks
completions Generate completions for current shell. Add the output script to `.profile`
or `.bashrc` etc. to make it effective.
help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
运行链
添加Charts仓库
$ helm repo add cita-cloud https://cita-cloud.github.io/charts
$ helm repo update
$ helm search repo cita-cloud/
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
cita-cloud/cita-cloud-local-cluster 6.6.0 6.6.0 Setup CITA-Cloud blockchain in one k8s cluster
cita-cloud/cita-cloud-pvc 6.6.0 6.6.0 Create PVC for CITA-Cloud
创建PVC
PVC(PersistentVolumeClaim)是对PV的申请(Claim)。PVC通常由普通用户创建和维护。需要为Pod分配存储资源时，用户可以创建一个PVC，指明使用的StorageClass，Kubemetes会动态创建并绑定相关的PV。
这里使用的是minikube自带的名为standard的StorageClass。
$ helm install local-pvc cita-cloud/cita-cloud-pvc --set scName=standard
$ kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
local-pvc Bound pvc-fd3eaebd-3413-4205-b88a-dbc6cee9a057 10Gi RWO standard 18m
对应的路径在minikube虚拟机内的/tmp/hostpath-provisioner/default/local-pvc。
注意：如果minikube版本为 v1.20.0，这里会有一个bug。详细情况和解决方法参见链接。
生成超级管理员账户
使用 cldi 创建账户
$ cldi account generate -h
cldi-account-generate
generate a new account
USAGE:
cldi account generate [OPTIONS]
OPTIONS:
--name <name> The name for the new generated account, default to account address
-p, --password <password> The password to encrypt the account
--crypto <crypto-type> The crypto type for the generated account. [default: <current-
context-crypto-type>] [possible values: SM, ETH]
-h, --help Print help information
为了演示方便，这里不设置密码，加密算法也使用默认值。
$ cldi account generate --name admin
{
"crypto_type": "SM",
"address": "0xc8ca9cc77a7f822fdd0baef7a7740f9dba493455",
"public_key": "0x0d9edfd3889ec752e92fb1aa53fdfc26512c6a0ea39deb12510e7ac4d0915c4d4f0a18a3c1cf2a5950319d429af38b13483e2ccc9bafd698f5ce2c7ef558ddf6",
"secret_key": "0x50dc0c1655419938d83d924a3c3b4cbbd57de5df901ce4772272445605a52d43"
}
启动链
$ helm install test-chain cita-cloud/cita-cloud-local-cluster --set config.superAdmin=0xc8ca9cc77a7f822fdd0baef7a7740f9dba493455
NAME: test-chain
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Mar 24 02:48:52 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
该命令会创建一条有4个节点，名为test-chain的链。
注意：superAdmin参数必须设置为自己生成的账户地址，此处仅为演示，切勿在正式环境中使用演示值。
查看运行情况
$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
test-chain-0 7/7 Running 0 8m3s
test-chain-1 7/7 Running 0 8m3s
test-chain-2 7/7 Running 0 8m3s
test-chain-3 7/7 Running 0 8m3s
查看日志：
$ minikube ssh
docker@minikube:~$ tail -10f /tmp/hostpath-provisioner/default/local-pvc/test-chain-0/logs/controller-service.log
2022-03-24T02:57:41.562867997+00:00 INFO controller::node_manager - update node: 0x6028b1113a9ac5f79d2fdfb37ca135812d675691
2022-03-24T02:57:43.863863944+00:00 INFO controller::controller - chain_check_proposal: add remote proposal(0x90543745dee079d9a37d2b5bd1e026ad092089c1f3fd88ebbc16b10b3d1926f3)
2022-03-24T02:57:43.864261069+00:00 INFO controller::controller - chain_check_proposal: finished
2022-03-24T02:57:44.441848936+00:00 INFO controller::chain - height: 103 hash 0x90543745dee079d9a37d2b5bd1e026ad092089c1f3fd88ebbc16b10b3d1926f3
2022-03-24T02:57:44.672342679+00:00 INFO controller::node_manager - update node: 0x6028b1113a9ac5f79d2fdfb37ca135812d675691
2022-03-24T02:57:44.672366020+00:00 INFO controller::controller - update global status node(0x6028b1113a9ac5f79d2fdfb37ca135812d675691) height(103)
2022-03-24T02:57:44.673242652+00:00 INFO controller::chain - exec_block(103): status: Success, executed_block_hash: 0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421
2022-03-24T02:57:44.783682991+00:00 INFO controller::chain - finalize_block: 103, block_hash: 0x90543745dee079d9a37d2b5bd1e026ad092089c1f3fd88ebbc16b10b3d1926f3
基本操作
指定链的RPC端口
链有两个rpc地址，分别是controller和executor微服务。
我们可以通过-r和-e来告诉cldi如何访问链：
使用如下命令映射节点0的rpc端口到本地。
$ kubectl port-forward pod/test-chain-0 50002:50002 50004:50004
对应的cli参数为：
-r localhost:50004 -e localhost:50002
查看块高
$ cldi -r localhost:50004 -e localhost:50002 get block-number
246
查看系统配置
$ cldi -r localhost:50004 -e localhost:50002 get system-config
{
"admin": "0xc8ca9cc77a7f822fdd0baef7a7740f9dba493455",
"admin_pre_hash": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"block_interval": 3,
"block_interval_pre_hash": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"chain_id": "0x63586a3c0255f337c77a777ff54f0040b8c388da04f23ecee6bfd4953a6512b4",
"chain_id_pre_hash": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"emergency_brake": false,
"emergency_brake_pre_hash": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"validators": [
"0x40283e85bfbe778a0ef0ee80688861ccc2c557a2",
"0x7b9e332f91fe894da0260fe2207f021d2d24008c",
"0x014146185e3b32e64f0d06021aa6fff8639d134a",
"0x6028b1113a9ac5f79d2fdfb37ca135812d675691"
],
"validators_pre_hash": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"version": 0,
"version_pre_hash": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
停止链
$ helm uninstall test-chain
release "test-chain" uninstalled
删除链
$ helm install clean cita-cloud/cita-cloud-config --set config.action.type=clean
NAME: clean
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Mar 24 02:47:45 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
注意：该命令将永久性的删除链的所有数据，请谨慎操作。
账户操作
创建账户
$ cldi account generate --name user
{
"crypto_type": "SM",
"address": "0xf4b80a27b7d526028183e705604b865c1458c838",
"public_key": "0x71ebc3701780b4ac6a6ae0817e2fa402fb26082e6eade00f117015a1063a5c3af6e1f74c26c01f87af5ddea20fb28ff6d1a20f5438416afe95e9247ab2e517ce",
"secret_key": "0x2757242a6138e9617b30ec63f6a240b880d25851d86d9d15849f2d45061d3288"
}
选择操作使用的账户
$ cldi -u user -r localhost:50004 -e localhost:50002
cldi>
-u选择使用该账户，后续将以该账户的身份发送交易。
进入cldi的交互式模式。
发送交易
编译合约
这里以Counter合约为例:
$ cat Counter.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
contract Counter {
uint public count;
function add() public {
count += 1;
}
function reset() public {
count = 0;
}
}
$ curl -o solc -L https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/releases/download/v0.4.24/solc-static-linux
$ chmod +x solc
$ sudo mv ./solc /usr/local/bin/
$ solc --hashes --bin Counter.sol
======= Counter.sol:Counter =======
Binary:
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
Function signatures:
4f2be91f: add()
06661abd: count()
d826f88f: reset()
创建合约
cldi> create 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
0xf18153579e86b4d81617bf9d3b34e1ca2d0433296927f4b04d5c5219d2d82d46
创建合约的参数是编译合约输出的二进制字节码，注意前面要增加0x前缀。
返回值为这笔创建合约交易的交易哈希。
查看交易回执
cldi> get receipt 0xf18153579e86b4d81617bf9d3b34e1ca2d0433296927f4b04d5c5219d2d82d46
{
"block_number": 454,
"contract_addr": "0xa4582f4966bdef3a2839e2f256a714426508ddb7",
"cumulative_quota_used": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018ed3",
"error_msg": "",
"legacy_cita_block_hash": "0x09b2e445d5b3a5e118bb0aad8d812d237ff24f2aa9e37da75e5c68d43ddcdbba",
"logs": [],
"logs_bloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"quota_used": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018ed3",
"state_root": "0x28913fc520eaf50c72fad929d0f57c94ad487bfd63278a57cb40ef370a7697a0",
"tx_hash": "0xf18153579e86b4d81617bf9d3b34e1ca2d0433296927f4b04d5c5219d2d82d46",
"tx_index": 0
}
参数为前一步操作返回的交易哈希。
返回值为该笔交易的执行结果信息，其中contract_addr字段为刚才部署的合约的地址。
得到合约地址后，就可以调用其中的方法。
查询合约状态
查询合约中的count值：
cldi> call 0xa4582f4966bdef3a2839e2f256a714426508ddb7 0x06661abd
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
第一个参数为合约地址。
第二个参数为要调用的count()方法的函数签名。
返回值为count的当前值。
发送交易
向合约发送交易，调用add方法改变count的值：
cldi> send 0xa4582f4966bdef3a2839e2f256a714426508ddb7 0x4f2be91f
0x24f0bc60340c49e875a8701e80849725a0a10e1bf47990e8c9cb399e31acea05
第一个参数为合约地址。
第二个参数为要调用的add()方法的函数签名。
等待交易上链之后，再次查询就可以发现合约状态有了变化：
cldi> call 0xa4582f4966bdef3a2839e2f256a714426508ddb7 0x06661abd
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001